William+Butler+Yates

=**William Butler Yeats**=

pronounced 13 June 1865 – 28 January 1939) was an Irish poet and dramatist, and one of the foremost figures of20th century literature. A pillar of both the Irish and British literary establishments, in his later years Yeats served as an Irish Senator for two terms. He was a driving force behind the Irish Literary Revival, and along with Lady Gregory and Edward Martyn founded the Abbey Theatre, serving as its chief during its early years. In 1923 he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature for what the Nobel Committee described as "inspired poetry, which in a highly artistic form gives expression to the spirit of a whole nation." He was the first Irishman so honored. Yeats is generally considered one of the few writers who completed their greatest works after being awarded the Nobel Prize; such works include //The Tower// (1928) and //The Winding Stair and Other Poems// (1929). Yeats was born and educated in Dublin but spent his childhood in County Sligo. He studied poetry in his youth, and from an early age was fascinated by both Irish legends and the occult. Those topics feature in the first phase of his work, which lasted roughly until the turn of the 20th century. His earliest volume of verse was published in 1889, and those slow paced and lyrical poems display debts to Edmund Spenser and Percy Bysshe Shelley, as well as to the Pre-Raphaelite poets. From 1900, Yeats' poetry grew more physical and realistic. He largely renounced the transcendental beliefs of his youth, though he remained preoccupied with physical and spiritual masks, as well as with cyclical theories of life. Over the years, Yeats adopted many different ideological positions, including, in the words of the critic Michael Valdez Moses, "those of [the] radical nationalist, classical liberal, reactionary conservative and millenarian nihilist".

= Readings =
 * [|Cleeve, Brian] (1972). //W.B. Yeats and the Designing of Ireland's Coinage//. New York: Dolmen Press. [|ISBN 0-85105-221-5]
 * Foster, R. F. (1997). //W. B. Yeats: A Life, Vol. I: The Apprentice Mage//. New York: [|Oxford UP] . [|ISBN 0-19-288085-3]
 * Foster, R. F. (2003). //W. B. Yeats: A Life, Vol. II: The Arch-Poet 1915–1939//. New York: Oxford UP. [|ISBN 0-19-818465-4]
 * Hone, Joseph (1943). //W.B. Yeats, 1865–1939//. New York: [|Macmillan Publishers] . OCLC: 35607726
 * Igoe, Vivien (1994). //A Literary Guide to Dublin//. [|Methuen Publishing] . [|ISBN 0-413-69120-9]
 * Longenbach, James (1988). //Stone Cottage: Pound, Yeats, and Modernism//. New York: Oxford UP. <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[|ISBN 0-19-506662-6]
 * <span style="line-height: 1.5em; url(http: //bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/vector/images/bullet-icon.png?1); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">O'Neill, Michael. //Routledge Literary Sourcebook on the Poems of W.B. Yeats// . Routledge, 2003. <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[|ISBN 0-415-23475-1].
 * <span style="line-height: 1.5em; url(http: //bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/vector/images/bullet-icon.png?1); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Ryan, Philip B. (1998). //The Lost Theatres of Dublin//. Wiltshire: The Badger Press. <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[|ISBN 0-9526076-1-1]
 * <span style="line-height: 1.5em; url(http: //bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/vector/images/bullet-icon.png?1); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Yeats, W. B. (1994). "The Collected Poems of W.B. Yeats" Wordsworth Poetry Library. <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[|ISBN 1-85326-454-7]
 * <span style="line-height: 1.5em; url(http: //bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/vector/images/bullet-icon.png?1); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Yeats, W. B. (1900). <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; url(http: //bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/vector/images/external-link-ltr-icon.png?2); background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: #3366bb; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 13px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none;">[|"The Philosophy of Shelley's Poetry"], in //Essays and Introductions//, 1961. New York: Macmillan Publishers. OCLC 362823

=**Links**=
 * []**
 * [|http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/1923/yeats-bio.html]**
 * [|http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/wbyeats.htm]**