Johann+Wolfgang+von+Goethe

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** Johann Wolfgang von Goethe **




 * Johann Wolfgang von Goethe** ( German pronunciation: [|[ˈjoːhan ˈvɔlfɡaŋ fɔn ˈɡøːtə]] ([[image:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/13px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png width="13" height="13"]] [|listen]), 28 August 1749 – 22 March 1832) was a [|German] writer and [|polymath].[|[][|1][|]] Goethe is considered by many to be the most important writer in the German language and one of the most important thinkers in [|Western culture]. Goethe's works span the fields of [|poetry], [|drama], [|literature], [|theology], [|philosophy], and [|science]. His //[|magnum opus]//, a peak of [|world literature], is the drama //[|Faust]//.[|[][|2][|]] Goethe's other well-known literary works include his numerous poems, the [|Bildungsroman] //[|Wilhelm Meister's Apprenticeship]//, and the [|epistolary novel] //[|The Sorrows of Young Werther]//.

Goethe was one of the key figures of [|German literature] and the movement of [|Weimar Classicism] in the late 18th and early 19th centuries; this movement coincides with [|Enlightenment], [|Sentimentality] (//Empfindsamkeit//), //[|Sturm und Drang]// and [|Romanticism]. The author of the scientific text //[|Theory of Colours]//, his influential ideas on plant and animal [|morphology] and [|homology] were extended and developed by 19th century [|naturalists] including [|Charles Darwin].[|[][|3][|]][|[][|4][|]] He also served at length as the [|Privy Councilor] of the [|duchy] of [|Saxe-Weimar].

Goethe's influence spread across Europe, and for the next century his works were a major source of inspiration in [|music], [|drama], [|poetry] and [|philosophy]. Early in his career, however, he wondered whether painting might be his true vocation; late in his life, he expressed the expectation that he would ultimately be remembered above all for [|his work on colour].

The most important of Goethe's works produced before he went to Weimar were his tragedy //[|Götz von Berlichingen]// (1773), which was the first work to bring him recognition, and the novel //[|The Sorrows of Young Werther]// (called //Die Leiden des jungen Werthers// in German) (1774), which gained him enormous fame as a writer in the //[|Sturm und Drang]// period which marked the early phase of [|Romanticism] – indeed the book is often considered to be the "spark" which ignited the movement, and can arguably be called the world's first "best-seller". (For the entirety of his life this was the work with which the vast majority of Goethe's contemporaries associated him). During the years at Weimar before he met [|Schiller] he began //[|Wilhelm Meister's Apprenticeship]//, wrote the dramas [|//Iphigenie auf Tauris//] (//Iphigenia in Tauris//), [|//Egmont//], [|//Torquato Tasso//], and the fable //[|Reineke Fuchs]//.

To the period of his friendship with Schiller belong [|Wilhelm Meister's Journeyman Years] (the continuation of //Wilhelm Meister's Apprenticeship//), the [|idyll] of //[|Hermann and Dorothea]//, the //[|Roman Elegies]// and the verse drama //[|The Natural Daughter]//. In the last period, between Schiller's death, in 1805, and his own, appeared //[|Faust Part One]//, //[|Elective Affinities]//, the [|//West-Eastern Divan//] (a collection of poems in the Persian style, influenced by the work of [|Hafez]), his autobiographical //[|Aus meinem Leben: Dichtung und Wahrheit]// (//From My Life: Poetry and Truth//) which covers his early life and ends with his departure for Weimar, his //[|Italian Journey]//, and a series of treatises on art. His writings were immediately influential in literary and artistic circles.//[| Faust Part Two]// was only finished in the year of his death, and was published posthumously.

His poetry was set to music by almost every major Austrian and German composer from [|Mozart] to [|Mahler], and his influence would spread to French drama and opera as well. Beethoven declared that a "Faust" Symphony would be the greatest thing for Art. Liszt and Mahler both created symphonies in whole or in large part inspired by this seminal work, which would give the 19th century one of its most paradigmatic figures: [|Doctor Faustus].

The Faust tragedy/drama, often called //**Das** [|Drama] der Deutschen// (**the** drama of the Germans), written in two parts published decades apart, would stand as his most characteristic and famous artistic creation. Followers of the twentieth century esotericist [|Rudolf Steiner] built a theatre named the [|Goetheanum] after him – where festival performances of [|Faust] are still performed.



The following is a list of the major publications of [|Johann Wolfgang von Goethe] (1749–1832). 142 volumes comprise the entirety of his literary output, ranging from the poetical to the philosophical, including 50 volumes of correspondence.


 * List of works by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe:**
 * 1771: "[|Heidenröslein]" ("Heath Rosebud"), poem
 * 1773: "[|Prometheus]", poem
 * 1773: //[|Götz von Berlichingen]//, drama
 * 1774: //[|Die Leiden des jungen Werthers]// (//The Sorrows of Young Werther//), novel
 * 1774: "[|Der König in Thule]", poem
 * 1775: //[|Stella]//, tragedy in five acts
 * 1782: "[|Der Erlkönig]" ("The Alder King"), poem
 * 1787: //[|Iphigenie auf Tauris]// (//Iphigenia in Tauris//), drama
 * 1786: //[|Novella]//, novella
 * 1788: //[|Egmont]//, drama
 * 1790: //[|Versuch die Metamorphose der Pflanzen zu erklären]// (//The Metamorphosis of Plants//), scientific text
 * 1790: //[|Torquato Tasso]//, drama
 * 1790: //[|Römische Elegien]// (//Roman Elegies//), poetry collection
 * 1793: //[|Die Belagerung von Mainz]//, (//The Siege of Mainz//), non-fiction
 * 1794: //[|Reineke Fuchs]//, fable
 * 1795: //[|Das Märchen]// (//The Green Snake and the Beautiful Lily//), fairy-tale
 * 1794–95: //Unterhaltungen deutscher Ausgewanderten//, novella, which also includes the fairy tale //Das Märchen//
 * 1795–96 (in collaboration with [|Friedrich Schiller]): //Die Xenien// (//The Xenia//), collection of epigrams
 * 1796: //[|Wilhelm Meisters Lehrjahre]// (//Wilhelm Meister's Apprenticeship//), novel
 * 1797: "[|Der Zauberlehrling]" (//The Sorcerer's Apprentice//), poem (which was later animated by Disney in [|//Fantasia//])
 * 1797: "Die Braut von Korinth"[|[][|1][|]] ("The Bride of Corinth"), poem
 * 1798: //[|Hermann und Dorothea]// (//Hermann and Dorothea//), epic poem
 * 1798: //Die Weissagungen des Bakis// (//The Soothsayings of Bakis//)
 * 1798/01: //[|Propyläen]//, periodical
 * 1803: //[|Die Natürliche Tochter]// (//The Natural Daughter//), play originally intended as the first part of a trilogy on the French revolution
 * 1805: "[|Winckelmann] und sein Jahrhundert" ("Winckelmann and His Century")
 * 1808: //[|Faust] [|Part One]//, [|closet drama]
 * 1809: //[|Die Wahlverwandtschaften]// (//Elective Affinities//), novel
 * 1810: //[|Zur Farbenlehre]// (//Theory of Colours//), scientific text
 * 1811–1830: //[|Aus Meinem Leben: Dichtung und Wahrheit]// (//Out of my Life: Poetry and Truth//) autobiographical work in 4 volumes
 * 1813: "[|Gefunden]" ("Found"), a poem
 * 1817: //[|Italienische Reise]// (//Italian Journey//), journals
 * 1819: //[|Westöstlicher Diwan]//, variously translated as //The West-Eastern [|Divan]//, //The Parliament of East and West//, or otherwise; collection of poems in imitation of [|Sufi] and other Muslim poetry, including that of [|Hafez].
 * 1821: //[|Wilhelm Meisters Wanderjahre, oder Die Entsagenden]// (//Wilhelm Meister's Journeyman Years, or the Renunciants/////Wilhelm Meister's Travels//), novel
 * 1823: "[|Marienbad Elegy]", poem
 * 1832: //[|Faust] [|Part Two]//, [|closet drama]
 * 1832/33: //[|Nachgelassene Schriften]// (//Posthumous Works//)
 * 1836: //[|Gespräche mit Goethe]// (//Conversations with Goethe//) also translated as: //Conversations with Eckermann//

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